For nearly 3,000 years, ancient Egypt thrived as the preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean world. Its legacy persists through a wealth of objects left behind—majestic monuments, written documents, artifacts and art. From that rich trove of information, archaeologists and scholars have identified items that were a part of ancient Egyptians’ everyday lives.
In a culture that emphasized the afterlife and the importance of maintaining the fragile order of the universe, even everyday objects could carry deep significance.
“In ancient Egypt, magic was as much an integral part of a material object as its practical function,” explains Lorelei H. Corcoran, a professor of art history and director of the Institute of Egyptian Art & Archaeology at the University of Memphis. “The aesthetics of an object relied on the Egyptians’ keen observation of the natural world and the innate beauty of the forms, and patterns that exist within it.”
Additionally, the development of the Egyptian civilization enabled Egyptians to stay in one place, which gave them the opportunity to advance design and craftsmanship. “They developed very elaborate techniques of metalworking,” Corcoran says. “They created beautiful things, with an aesthetic of beauty that they got from nature.”
Objects also sometimes had subtle meanings incorporated into their design. The shape of a round or oval mirror and its handle, for example, also formed a hieroglyph, ankh, that meant both “mirror” and “life,” Corcoran notes. “So when you use the mirror,” she explains, “you're sort of mirroring your life.”
Here are 14 objects that were familiar parts of everyday life in ancient Egypt.